| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - cognized.1 Heart failure (HF) is a state of immune activation and systemic inflammation characterized by increased circulating levels of various cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine with diverse humoral and cellular immunomodulatory effects.2,3 Experimental data support the existence of a complex relationship between IL-6 and chronic HF.4???8Accumulating clinical evide
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