For lower boundary A and upper boundary B of the range, a 2{circumflex over ( )}k-bit bitmap is generated with: (1) bit positions (A+1) to (B???1) masked for the range between A and B, (2) bit positions (A) to (B) masked for the range between and including A and B, or (3) the bit position (A) masked when A and B are equal (e.g., a value or range of one value).