| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - s for HCPs In 1982, Congress amended the ESA to allow private, state, and other non-federal landowners to develop habitat conservation plans (HCPs) as an alternate means of complying with the ESA.(9) Section 10(a) was added to the ESA to allow landowners to harm or otherwise take listed species and their habitats through land management, resource extraction, development, or other activities, pro
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