Most functions of mTORC1 are inhibited by rapamycin, a triene macrolide antibiotic synthesized by Streptomyces hygroscopicus[28,33]. mTORC1 has to be regarded as a key node in cell signaling because it integrates many intra- and extracellular signals, such as growth factors [insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)], energy-sensing signals (glucose, the AMP/ATP-ratio regulating AMPK) and, mos