| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Congeners include substances such as amines, amides, acetones, acetaldehydes, polyphenols, methanol, histamines, fusel oil, esters, furfural, and tannins, many but not all of which are toxic.[8] One study in mice indicates that fusel oil may have a mitigating effect on hangover symptoms,[19] while some whiskey congeners such as butanol protect the stomach against gastric mucosal damage in the rat.
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