| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - The production of O<sup>??-</sup><sub>2</sub> is exacerbated under stressful conditions such as exposure to xenobiotics or pollutants, high PAR irradiances, exposure to UVR, and exposure to thermal stress that can overwhelm antioxidant defenses to produce damage to both PS II and carbon fixation (Asada and Takahashi 1987; Asada 1994).
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